AGA is non-hydrophilic and it has high G' properties which allow the practitioner for accurate injections. It does not have a swelling effect which may disrupt the cosmetic appearance; so that, it is likely to achieve better contour and definition, making the result of the treatment immediately appreciable；
AGA does not cause any edema in the surrounding tissues in the mid-term and long-term.
Due to its slow resorption feature, it remains in place for an extended period of time and this positively affects the clinical result；
Due to its non-reticular molecular structure, the probability of migration is very low；
AGA is a hydrogel whose consistency is determined by hydrogen bonds between the linear chains. It is non toxic and it does not contain any reticulating and/or cross-linking agents such as BDDE or any other chemical agents which are present in HA fillers；
Being natural absorbable filler, it is completely biodegradable.The feature that makes AG safe is that it can be removed from the injection site by macrophage phagocytosis and intracellular metabolism through the pentose cycle.
Fillers, which can be classified according to their various properties, could be categorized as temporary, semi-permanent or permanent according to the product composition or the substance duration in the tissue. Hyaluronic acid (HA), Calcium hydroxylapatite (CHT), Collagen, PLLA, PCL, and Agarose Gel (AGA) are the most commonly used types in the practice.
Agarose originates from sea algae. It is a saccharide polymer and dissolves into water forms a gel with a three-dimensional porous reticulum. AGA is viscous-elastic at temperatures below 45℃. It is slowly desorbed by macrophages, and intracellular metabolism through pentose cycle.
There are many fillers on the market with different properties. AGA is an option with significant advantages in certain indications. It is a unique material with gel-forming ability and special rheological properties.
The in vivo degradation of AGA implants mainly relies on the phagocytic action of macrophages, due to the lack of enzymes in human body. In the early stages of implantation, the AGA forms a compact spherical shape and is tightly wrapped by a fibrous capsule composed of collagen fibers. The thickness of the fibrous capsule continues to increase for 12 weeks, before AGA begins to degrade.
The fibrous capsule is rich in macrophages. Macrophages penetrate from the surface to the interior of the implant from the day of implatation. In the later stages, some of the gel at the treated area has been degraded, and there is no obvious inflammatory reaction in the surrounding tissue. Angiogenesis begins to occur around the implant.
Notably, 1.5% of AGA implant degrades after 5 months. Its dense network structure and degradation mechanism determine that it has a longer degradation cycle than other implatation material such as collagan or non-crosslinked HA, making it suitable for tissue engineering scaffolds for tissues.
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